The Problem Of Evil And Atheism - 1187 Words

owe to prove his thesis about the problems of evil and atheism, Rowe asks three fundamental questions. The first question, â€Å"is there an argument for atheism based on the problem of evil that could rationally justify atheism?† Supporting his question, Rowe by uses the idea of human and animal suffering.is it reasonable for omnipotent, omniscient being(s) to permits its creation to suffer by extinguish each other for their own personal benefits. If there is such a thing as an omnibenevolent, omnipotent holy being how come the ultimate and unescapable suffering is this world has no vanish. How good is a god(s) that permits humanity to suffer greatly? In religious Christian Bible study, Jesus, many times referred to as god, vanish evil from†¦show more content†¦Another view on suffering brought by theist is the suffering can lead to a greater spiritual good. In order to gain spiritual guidance, there has to be suffering involved. The agonizing struggle brought by hu man’s free choice is debated since it can only be prevented by an individual’s free choice. But not all suffering is created by human’s free choice. Individuals have no control over the amount of sorrow that is brought upon them. Without warning, natural disaster brings suffering even if people are trying their best in order to prevent any kind of unhappiness. How could theist know the meaning of such suffering and its purpose? By trusting that the meaning of suffering is only known after death, how can theist surely agree if none of them have experienced the afterlife? Last, â€Å"what position should the informed atheist take concerning the rationality of religious beliefs?† After giving a response to theist’s argument against atheist, both are to believe that the other is believing a false belief. There are many types of atheist with different thoughts on religious beliefs. There are three different types of atheism discussed in Rowe’s theory. Unfriendly atheism, there is no such thing as a god(s). Indifferent atheism, has no concern in believing that a theist god(s) exists. And friendly atheism is certain that there is a reason theist to have faith in god. Defending his argument about friendly atheism,

Compare and Contrast the Way in which Emerson and Thoreau...

In the year of 1600’s, the United States of America was being colonized by European countries especially by England. However, on 4th of July 1776 America became independent after having drafted the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† initiated by Thomas Jefferson [History of the United States, Wikipedia]. The difference between these two time periods shows that Britain had colonized America for about 176 years which ultimately led to prosper European cultures. Although America became an independent nation, European culture was still playing its role. Therefore, American writers namely Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau presented an idea about American Identity. Emerson in The American Scholar and Thoreau in Walden represents the idea†¦show more content†¦Similar to Emerson, he also mentions about a person’s thinking capability not to be limited but to be expanding further. He too makes a judgment on a person’s thought. In Walden, there is a paragraph whereby he talks about Walden Pond which men believed it to be bottomless. People came up with various stories regarding the pond being bottomless but no one tried to figure the truth. So, he, Thoreau went to discover the truth and he found out that the pond was not bottomless instead it had depth of â€Å"One hundred and seven† [Thoreau,1854]. Through this a person is able to understand that a man is not supposed to believe in stories created by other men because each man is an individual and have the right to know answers. Thoreau is trying to convince men to diverse their thoughts beyond the information given by the Europeans which in turn will help shape an Ame rican identity. Again in Walden, Thoreau wrote, â€Å"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately† [1854]. It is quite strange that Thoreau had chosen to live in woods purposely. Perhaps one reason can be that he is a transcendentalist but one must not forget that he had discovered about the Walden Pond when he was deliberately living in the woods. However, another possible explanation can be that woods are not dominated or are controlled by anyone, nature lives freely in world. Therefore, a reader canShow MoreRelated Emerson and Thoreau Represent American Identity1511 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast the way in which Emerson and Thoreau represent American Identity. â€Å"Identity means who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group which make them different from others,† (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Third Edition). Every individual, group and country has their own identity which makes them different from others and it shows uniqueness of oneself. Reaction against the existing philosophy takes place when there is conflict in interest amongst the philosophersRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pagesads not by this site [pic] [pic] ENGL 103A: American Literature 1789-1900 (Archived) Dept of English, UC Santa Barbara (Summer 2011) †¢ ABOUT †¢ ASSIGNMENTS †¢ SYLLABUS †¢ DISCUSSION †¢ CLOSE READINGS CLOSE READINGS Post your close reading posts here. Share this: †¢ Twitter †¢ Facebook †¢ Like this: Like Loading... [pic] 26 Comments on â€Å"CLOSE READINGS† 1. [pic]John Cooper says: July 13, 2011 at 3:36 pm Emily Dickenson’s poem â€Å"Because

Breaking the Law Free Essays

Nowadays people think rules is not something important in their life and they are not following the rules even they break the rules. For them, they can do whatever they wanted in this world because they think this world is belong to them. Their bad behaviors distract people from having a peaceful life. We will write a custom essay sample on Breaking the Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Addition, violence in this world getting increases and because of that, they cause a lot of trouble in mean time. There three main causes of breaking the rules and law. One of the main causes is selfishness. The selfish behavior exists because of desire. They do what they wanted. They think with their feet and not their mind. Why I am saying like this? This is because they break the traffic light rules. For example, right now is a red light and we are supposes to stop the car wait for the next green light but because of selfish behavior. They break the rules and take their risk to do whatever they wanted. Because of this, it may create a disaster, an accident or perhaps, could kill someone because of this behavior. There is more, they drive in their own way or road. For example, this road is one way road but they turn it into two ways road. The impact of overcoming accident is heavy and it is totally a big disaster. It not only could jam the highway but at the same time, they could kill hundreds of innocent people. â€Å"You intent to go into the right lane and then the traffic light ahead. But the vehicle in front of you has stopped right in front of you. And it’s a yellow box. Such selfish drivers do certainly spoil your day. † (Yap 2010) Second main cause is lack of police and their behavior. In Malaysia, we are lack of policeman and there is a plenty of chances for them to break the rules. I would like to compare with the Singapore and American. In Singapore, their policeman work hard to protect the country and civilians. In American, policeman salary is a big amount of dollars. Because of that, there are a lot of people wanted to be a policeman. But in Malaysia, policeman salary is too low and because of that, policemen do not work hard to protect the country and people. There is another reason, the reason is their behavior. Most of the policemen are lazy to do their work. This is because they need to repeat the same duty every day. But that is not the reason, some of them, they use the power to do bad thing. For example, spot-check on girls by male policeman. They take opportunity to do their pervert stuff on them. Motorcycles are meant to ferry only two people. Although the law is silent, police do not fancy arresting riders who break the law by placing a young rider in the front basket of the motorcycle. † (Yap 2010) Third main cause is deregulation. In Malaysia, people are easy to break the rules because it is too loose. Besides that, governments do not take serious in this matter. In Malay sia, they just wanted to have the power in this country. Once they get it, they do not use the power to take care the country or even protect it. They use the power for their self and they do not even look at their people. The country may be in a good place but the civil do not like the place with a lot of trouble and violations. At the same time, Malaysian government’s promises are not been fulfill. â€Å"According to a report on Thursday by online news portal MalaysiaKini, the MCMC chief operating officer, Mohamed Sharil Tarmizi, confirmed that the commission was behind the site blackout. †It is being blocked because we found that some of the comments on the Web site were insensitive, bordering on incitement. † (Lee 2008) In conclusion, government should take this matter seriously or citizen may lose trust on them and they could not live in a peaceful life. Day by day, crimes getting increase and a lot of trouble going to be exist. Police should do something about it because it is getting worst. They should firm the rules so that people will obey and follow the rules in a right way. At the same time, they must get back the royalty and the trustworthy of citizen. The Malaysia is break into pieces and governments should fix it and get it into shape back before citizen take advantage. However, government brain should be wash and be like Dato’ Mahathir. They way he talks with the citizens love them, and handle the Malaysia is perfect. Perfect enough to make Malaysia in a better way. As result, citizen may have a peaceful and a great time in Malaysia. At the same time, crimes getting decrease and Malaysia live in peace. â€Å"We live peacefully alongside one another, and we are very proud of it. You find Muslims, Christians of all denominations — Catholics, Protestants — we have a lot of Hindus, Buddhists. We also have a lot of people who don’t believe in anything but themselves or anyone but themselves, living harmoniously together. I think that is something the world can learn from. † (Leslie Evans 2003) How to cite Breaking the Law, Papers

Project And Originally Developed Schedules â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project And Originally Developed Schedules? Answer: Introduction In all projects that are established and those that take place, a risk assessment plan is established, in which the possible risks that might occur as the project proceeds on is assessed. At the same time, the organization establishes a schedule that will be utilized to determine the tasks that will be carried out and the time when those organizations will be carried out. These two factors play a significantly major role in guiding the project development process. Without this establishment, it becomes extremely difficult for individuals to manage completing a project within the allocated budget and time constraint. Dairy Farming Group Organization is currently facing the challenge of establishing an effective management information system. One of its major aim is to carry out both the schedule review and the risk review of this project. Risk Review The projects risk management plan had established and identified some risks whose occurrence can jeopardize the ability of the project to meet the intended purpose. With the project development process proceeding on, the main problem that exists is the fact that risks constantly change. It is, therefore, appropriate to establish an effective review of the current risks that are in existence and the strategies that are appropriate for addressing those risks. The first risk identified is the risk of lack of resources. At the level that the organization is currently in, there are some resources that it can utilize to develop the project. The main question is, however, the aspect of sufficiency. Some resources may not be sufficient in fully carrying out their intended purpose, an aspect that can be partially appropriate. With this regard, therefore, the strategy of addressing this issue with the organizational management and explaining the required additional resources can help in addres sing this risk occurrence completely (Anderson, 2006). The other risk is that of overrunning the budget. The probability of the occurrence of this risk is significantly low. Despite this reason, however, it is appropriate to ensure that the risks are minimized to the least level possible. An example of an appropriate strategy that can help to address the mitigation of this risk is creating an appropriate budget that is precise to avoid miscalculation of the totals in the budget that the organization intends to use in the project development process. Another risk, whose occurrence is significantly high, is the increase in the estimated time which the project is intended to be complete. This risk is significant because, through it, the project may not manage to meet its time constraint. A strategy that can be utilized to address this issue is increasing the motivation and effectiveness of the employees, and thus they can manage to accomplish the tasks allocated to them in time. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause major problem s with the project development process, and thus it is appropriate to avoid any of the risks from occurring (Khatta, 2008). Table Risk Analysis The following table provides an analysis of the risks provided and the means through which they can be improved significantly. Risk Impact to Dairy Firm organization Probability of occurrence Mitigation Strategy Exceeding of the budget. The organization would be required to spend much more money on the organization 8/10 probability of occurrence Ensuring that all the information needed regarding cost and price of all aspects relating to the project is precisely known. Inability to meet the project constraints The organization would lose too much money, time and other resources. 2/10 probability of occurrence Ensuring that the project has all the necessary requirements to become successful. Implementing effectiveness of operation. Ineffectiveness of developers The organization would lose resources invested in the project development process. 3/10 probability of occurrence Ensuring that training and development strategies are established to train developers before the project development process begins. Reduction of project resources The organization would be required to increase the money invested in the project in order to ensure its successful completion. 5/10 probability of occurrence. Ensuring that all the project requirements are completely established and indicated in the budget before the project commences. Schedule Review The schedule that the organization intends to use contains all its tasks and targets and the means through which those tasks will be carried out. With this regard, therefore, the first major aspect of consideration is the means through which the schedules can be organized in a way that they will fully fit the context that they are intended to. With the many changes that occur during the development process, some of the schedules may change and require further adjustment. Strategies for ensuring that the schedules are effective and appropriate are therefore significantly necessary (Frenkel, Hommel, Rudolf, Dufey, 2005). The first schedule aspect that requires being altered is the time management aspect. The time management aspect determines the ability of the project to complete all the tasks effectively. An improved management plan helps in ensuring that the project is effective about the time it takes (Heldman, Baca, Jansen, 2007). The second schedule issue that requires altering is the duration allocated to different project durations. Reducing the durations that each task needs to be completed can help in saving time for the complex tasks, and at the same time in ensuring that the project completes within the given time limit. Changing this schedule aspect is therefore appropriate. The other aspect of consideration regarding the schedule that should also be changed is the critical path issue. This aspect should be altered to enable the project to have more time in the development. Extreme focus on the critical path of the project helps to establish effectiveness in the different aspects of team management (Kendri, 2004). Table Schedule Review The table below provides an explanation of the schedule aspects of the daily farm group organization and the means through which the organization can improve them in the process of the development. Schedule aspect Impact to the project Impact to the organization Improvement strategy Time management Determines the ability to complete within the given time limit. Defines whether the organization achieves its results of the project in time. Ensuring that the project managers are fully skilled in managing time through training and development Task delegation Enables early completing of tasks and uniform completion of the project. Determines the effectiveness of the project and its ability to meet the allocated time deadline. Ensuring that the project managers and supervisors are fully skilled in teamwork and delegation practices through training and development. Pladevelopment and dation allocation Enables the developers to define the required time and resources efficiently. Enables the organization to attain a proper estimate and thus make an appropriate decision regarding the project. Ensuring that the individuals developing the plans have experience or advice from highly experienced individuals. Recovery strategy in case the remaining time is less Enables the developers to have a backup plan. Can cause the organization to obtain the results and provisions of the project late. Establishing a plan through which an additional workforce can be provided to increase the speed of the development process in order to enhance effectiveness of operation. References Anderson, T. 2006.Perspectives on strategic risk management. Kge, Denmark Herndon, VA: Copenhagen Business School Press. Frenkel, M., Hommel, U., Rudolf, M. Dufey, G. 2005.Risk management : challenge and opportunity. Berlin New York: Springer. Heldman, K., Baca, C. Jansen, P. 2007.PMP : project management professional study guide. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Pub. Kendrick, T. 2004.The project management tool kit : 100 tips and techniques for getting the job done right. New York: AMACOM/American Management Association. Khatta, R. 2008.Risk management. New Delhi: Global India Publications. Siegrist, M., Earle, T. Gutscher, H. 2010.Trust in risk management : uncertainty and scepticism in the public mind. London Washington, DC: Earthscan.

Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life Essay Example

Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life Essay Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt served as the 26th president of the United States of America. He is usually depicted as the manliest and most masculine of all of the presidents. Roosevelt was also known for his excellent speeches and rhetoric. His rhetoric, when speaking or writing, was fed a majority of the time by his masculinity. On the other hand, his wonderful skill in speech writing was caused by his love of books throughout his life. Due to Theodore Roosevelt’s masculine rhetoric and outstanding literary skills, he effectively persuaded his audience about his support for living a strenuous life. October 27, 1858 marked the day an American hero would be born. Theodore Roosevelt had a rough childhood compared to most children. As a child, he was very sick and frail. With his asthma and weak body, Roosevelt ended up becoming an easy target for bullies. Though, at the age of fourteen, he finally decided to change his life for good. Theodore eventually became very physically fit and learned how to tolerate his asthma by toughening up and building his body. Later, he even participated in 2 collegiate sports that required lots of physical exertion: rowing and boxing (Fehn 53). Roosevelt also learned to enjoy reading and writing at an early age. Roosevelt â€Å"had a ‘compulsion to write,’ and his ‘habit, in moments of joy or sorrow, had always been to reach for a pen, as others might reach for a rosary or a bottle’† (Oseid 138). A day never went by in which Teddy did not read a book. It is estimated that he read over 20,000 books while he was alive . Due to his love for writing and reading, Roosevelt â€Å"was a prolific public speaker† who wrote all of his own speeches and was the most well read of all our presidents (Oseid 141, 127). We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Theodore Roosevelt gave his speech, The Strenuous Life, on April 10, 1899 to the Hamilton Club in Chicago. This speech was given only months after the U.S. senate had signed treaties with Spain con Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life Essay Example Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life Essay Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt served as the 26th president of the United States of America. He is usually depicted as the manliest and most masculine of all of the presidents. Roosevelt was also known for his excellent speeches and rhetoric. His rhetoric, when speaking or writing, was fed a majority of the time by his masculinity. On the other hand, his wonderful skill in speech writing was caused by his love of books throughout his life. Due to Theodore Roosevelt’s masculine rhetoric and outstanding literary skills, he effectively persuaded his audience about his support for living a strenuous life. October 27, 1858 marked the day an American hero would be born. Theodore Roosevelt had a rough childhood compared to most children. As a child, he was very sick and frail. With his asthma and weak body, Roosevelt ended up becoming an easy target for bullies. Though, at the age of fourteen, he finally decided to change his life for good. Theodore eventually became very physically fit and learned how to tolerate his asthma by toughening up and building his body. Later, he even participated in 2 collegiate sports that required lots of physical exertion: rowing and boxing (Fehn 53). Roosevelt also learned to enjoy reading and writing at an early age. Roosevelt â€Å"had a ‘compulsion to write,’ and his ‘habit, in moments of joy or sorrow, had always been to reach for a pen, as others might reach for a rosary or a bottle’† (Oseid 138). A day never went by in which Teddy did not read a book. It is estimated that he read over 20,000 books while he was alive . Due to his love for writing and reading, Roosevelt â€Å"was a prolific public speaker† who wrote all of his own speeches and was the most well read of all our presidents (Oseid 141, 127). We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theodore Roosevelts Rhetoric in The Strenuous Life specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Theodore Roosevelt gave his speech, The Strenuous Life, on April 10, 1899 to the Hamilton Club in Chicago. This speech was given only months after the U.S. senate had signed treaties with Spain con

Essay Sample on Educational Administration The Rationale of the Study

Essay Sample on Educational Administration The Rationale of the Study Most educators, parents and community members want their schools to be good ones, so school improvement is a major function of educational administration. It is necessarily an ongoing activity because past successes are no guarantee of future ones. School administrators typically care about students and want to help them. But caring, although important and desirable, is by itself not enough. The basic problem is how to keep a school moving in direction that will actually benefit the students. Improvement has desired two main elements: the choice of desired directions and aims, and strategies for attaining them. The selection of directions can be made in a number of ways, including and considering photo philosophical values, exploring educational goals and objectives. The direction finally chosen will depend on its relevance in terms of desired ends. Furthermore, it should also be based on its feasibility as determined by the examination and analysis of the implemented strategies. Today, education administrators find themselves leading organizations and groups across a rapidly shifting landscape toward new destinations. These professionals are increasingly more diverse and challenged to deal with undefined problems, grapple with theoretical and emotional issues, and make decisions so new that the organizational consequences are unknown. Furthermore, educational administrators must help individuals and groups make sense and increased meaning in often fragmented, overwhelming, and fast moving situations characteristic of the new era. In the face of these demands, tertiary academic administrators of Immaculate Conception College – La Salle do realize that they can no longer rely on traditional management techniques to satisfy the requirements of their roles – they must draw on a deeper source of guidance, strength and influence. This can be attained by revisiting their roles and reinventing their communication patterns and decision making capabilities to enable them to create suitable structures that adapt to the changing landscape of the academe. This research examines Immaculate Conception College – La Salle’s administrators’ roles, their communication patterns and decision making capabilities to be able to cope with the new trends of the future. Hence, this study was conducted. This is a sample Education essay written by one of our academic writers. If you want to order a custom essay, research paper, term paper, thesis/dissertation or other written assignment contact our company to get professional academic writing help.

Unit 4 Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 Scenario - Essay Example The duration of the lot starts from 6pm to midnight, say, 6 hours per day. Moreover, this parking lot will be guided by a staff member at a cost of $10 per hour. It means that the staff needs to be paid an amount of $60 per day, and $1800 per month. Other than this, an additional cost will be charged for the supplementary usage of parking lot. Therefore, in order to evaluate and adopt the most appropriate decision in respect of the parking and maintenance cost, it is necessary to analyze the marginal revenue and marginal costing technique. Under marginal costing, only variable costs are charged to cost units. â€Å"Comparable to any profit-maximizing firm, a perfectly competitive firm produces the quantity of output in the short run that generates the maximum difference between total revenue with total cost, which is economic profit. This profit maximizing level of production is also achieved by the equality between marginal revenue and marginal cost. At this production level, the firm cannot increase profit by changing the level of production. The analysis of marginal revenue and marginal cost can be achieved through a table of numbers or with marginal revenue and marginal cost curves† (Marginal Analysis, 2007). The solution is proposed by the bank was to charge a higher cost for parking lot. This is because, through higher charging for parking, it is possible to reduce the problem related with the parking to a certain degree. The main reason for the higher charge set by the bank is that to make it possible the availability of suitable parking facilities. Whenever the charge for parking increases, then the time spent for parking will automatically be reduced. Due to this, it is possible to make the parking lot conveniently at any time effectively. In addition to this, in order to overcome this specific problem, it is necessary to consider the concept of perfect competition and

Racism As Social Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Racism As Social Phenomenon - Essay Example Likewise, Muslims are always biased against Christians and occasions of Islamic groups killing Christians based on religious difference have been reported in several parts of the continent. In addition, for racism to take place certain elements have to be involved and they include actions which are considered to be arbitrary and harmful towards one or a group (Fluehr-Lobban, 2005). A good example is Muslims killing or causing bodily harm to the Christian faithful. Secondly, there is a belief that one race is superior to the other. A good example of this was that both the Germans and Britons thought that they were superior more than the other. Thirdly, the belief in separation which can be easily identified and a good example of this is that Muslims and Christians use two different religious books the Quran and the Bible respectively and lastly the possession of power by the superior race and a good example of this is that Africans were discriminated as they were living in lands which were not theirs or lands belonging to the white men. However, prejudice based on attitude cannot be considered to be racism unless an action is taken to support the prejudice held by a group towards the other it is not considered racism. This action may be harmful to either of the groups depending on the amount of power wielded by either of the group. In the end, the group which always has the most powers is always the one which wins on racism hence becoming the perpetrators of racism. A good example is that when a Christian applies to rent an apartment owned by a Muslim, and the Muslim hates all Christians generally but treats his Christian tenant with dignity and respect then the act is considered to be prejudice.

Overrepresentation of aboriginal youth in the canadian criminal Thesis

Overrepresentation of aboriginal youth in the canadian criminal justice system - Thesis Example uths depend on social aid, statistics indicate that on-reserve Aboriginal individuals that rely relying on social assistance comprise of 35% of the entire Aboriginal youths; this is a high rate in relation to the 5% of the Canadian population which depends on social support (Sprott and Doob 28). This statistic is a direct reflection of the high levels of on-reserve Aboriginal youths that depend on the social securities. This describes the high crime rates experienced among the on-reserve Aboriginal youth in relation to the off-reserve aboriginal youth. This aspect continues to contribute to the overrepresentation of the Aboriginal youths in the Canadian Criminal Justice System. In addition, there is a likelihood of readmitting an aboriginal youth-delinquent to a federal custody more than a non-Aboriginal youth. The overrepresentation of the Aboriginal youths is also reinforced by the fact there have been inadequate improvement of the general circumstances of the indigenous youths in the past two decades despite various partnerships, reports, reviews and various strategies. As a result, Canada continues to witness the overrepresentation of the Canadian Criminal Justice System. Additionally, the growth rate of the aboriginal population has grown significantly in relation to that of the non-Aboriginal between 1995 and 2006 (Munch 41). This reflects the current high number of the Aboriginal youths experiencing unemployment and engagement in drug abuse. Statistically, the Aboriginal population grew by 45% in relation to that of eight-percent among the non-indigenous group (Munch 33). For instance, the Metris growth number was approximately 389,000 while that of Inuit was about 50,000. On the other hand, the First Nations’ growth number was approximated at 698,000 (Sprott and Doob, 34). These figures represent the present number of aboriginal youths; as a result of high levels of social inequity between the aboriginal and non-aboriginal youths, the high number of

Example of micro operations microinstruction

Example of micro operations microinstruction Q1. Give an Example of micro operations, microinstruction, micro program, micro code. Sol :- Following are the examples of micro operations:- Bus and Memory Transfers Arithmetic Microoperations Logic Microoperations Example of Microinstruction:- For Fetching Data:- IF inter. ELSE next inst.map Example of micro program :- sp := sp + (-1); mar := sp; mbr := ac; wr; wr; This pushes the AC value onto the stack Example of Micro code:- mar := sp; rd; sp := sp + 1; rd; ac := mbr; Pop a number from the stack and place it in the AC Q2 How Information Technology can be used for strategic advantages in business? Ans Globalisation- IT has not only brought the world closer, but it has allowed the worlds economy to become a single interdependent system. We not only share information quickly and efficiently, but also bring down barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries. The world has developed into a global village due to the help of information technology allowing countries like Chile and Japan who are not only separated by distance but also by language to shares ideas and information with each other. Communication- With the help of information technology, communication has also become cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. We can now communicate with anyone around the globe by simply text messaging them or sending them an email for an almost instantaneous response. The internet has also opened up face to face direct communication from different parts of the world thanks to the helps of video conferencing. Cost effectiveness- Information technology has helped to computerize the business process thus streamlining businesses to make them extremely cost effective money making machines. This in turn increases productivity which ultimately gives rise to profits that means better pay and less strenuous working conditions. More time IT has made it possible for businesses to be open 24 x7 all over the globe. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere, making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to move a single muscle. Q3. What Characteristics of software make it different from other engineering products? Ans :- Characteristics of software products :- Software products may be Generic developed to be sold to a range of different customers. Custom developed for a single customer according to their specification. Q4. What are different addressing modes available? Sol :- Various Addressing Modes are :- (1) Immediate Addressing Mode :- Immediate addressing is used to load constants into registers and to use constants as operands. The constant is part of the instruction word e.g. ADD 5 Add 5 to contents of accumulator 5 is operand Limited range (2) Direct Addressing Mode :- With direct addressing the address is part of the instruction Usually the OpCode is one word and address is the succeeding word or words. Effective address (EA) = address field (A) e.g. ADD A Add contents of cell A to accumulator Look in memory at address A for operand Single memory reference to access data No additional calculations to work out effective address Limited address space (3) Indirect Addressing Mode :- RegisterMemory cell pointed to by address field contains the address of (pointer to) the operand EA = (A) Look in A, find address (A) and look there for operand e.g. ADD (A) Add contents of cell pointed to by contents of A to accumulator (4) Register Direct Addressing Mode :- Limited number of registers Very small address field needed Shorter instructions Faster instruction fetch No memory access Very fast execution Very limited address space Multiple registers helps performance Requires good assembly programming or compiler writing (5) Register Indirect Addressing Mode :- The instruction specifies a register which contains the address of the operand MOVE #$1000,R7 ;R7 = $1000 As there are usually only a small number of internal registers the address of the register is easily contained in the instruction word. It is efficient and is very useful for working with arrays and pointers. Operand is held in register named in address field EA = R If an array of numbers is stored at $1000, then can be accessed in sequence by adding 1 to the register after each access. Operand is in memory cell pointed to by contents of register R Large address space (2n) One fewer memory access than indirect addressing (6) Displacement (Indexed) Addresing Mode :- EA = A + (R) Address field hold two values A = base value R = register that holds displacement or vice versa Q5 How will you differentiate b/w Arrays and Stacks?Explain by giving an example. Ans- An array can be defined as an infinite collection of homogeneous elements. A stack is a data structure in which all insertions and deletions are done at the same end called the top. It is often called last in first out (LIFO) data structure. Q6. How translator differs from Complier? Ans :- translator- it is a device that changes a sentence from one language to another without the change of meaning. Compiler :- It reads the entire program and converts it to the object code. It provides errors not one line but errors of the entire program. It consumes little time for converting a source program to an object program. Compilers are preferred when the length of the program is large. It provides security. Q7 Out of Linear and Binary Search, which one is preferred where and why? Ans- in linear search,we access each elemnt of array one by one sequentially and in binary search we seach in minimum number of steps.in binary search elemnts have to be in the sorted form. Binary search is preferred over linear search because time consumed is less.

Jack Londons Attitude Towards Life in the Short Story, The Law of Life

Jack London's Attitude Towards Life in the Short Story, "The Law of Life" Jack London, real name John Griffith Chaney, is well known "American novelist and short story writer, born in California" (Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature 629). London's short story "The Law of Life" was first published in Mc Clure's Magazine in 1901. "It was one of his first stories written around the time at which London had just discovered that this way of writing made the biggest impression on the reader."(Tenant 1) One of the most effective elements is that the main character of the story is an old Indian, named Koskoosh. He is left by his tribe and his relatives, with nothing but a fire and some wood to keep it burning for few hours. He was sitting by the fire and thinking about his youth, remembering certain moments of his life. In this story one may found London?s attitude towards life as a phenomenon which must be undergone by every living being in this world. London calls it ?the law of life? (London 956). And the law of life is aging and death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First thing which can be treated as a kind of "the law of life" is a circle of life. The circle of life begins when a man is born and ends with his/her death. Koskoosh thinks of the leaves turning in autumn from green to brown, of young girls that grow more and more attractive until they find a man, raise children and slowly grow ugly by age and labor. Koskoosh gives an example of a young woman, whom he calls ?maiden?: ?A maiden was a good creature to look upon, full-breasted and strong, with spring to her step and light in her eyes. But her task was yet before her.? (London 958). The picture of this woman is being portrayed at her youth when she is still nice, strong and with ?light in her eyes? (London 958). She would grow up and she would take a husband. ?And with the coming of her offspring her looks left her. Her limbs dragged and shuffled, her eyes dimmed and bleared, and only the little children found joy against the withered cheek of the old squaw by the fire.? (London 958) She is not an exception. This woman gets older until she reaches such age when she becomes uninteresting and expendable for other people. And finally, ?her task was done? (London 958). Koskoosh equates her end of life with his current condition: ?she would be left, even as he had been left, in the snow, with a little pile o... ...d by every living being in the world. This author?s attitude is clearly seen from the very beginning of the story when old Koskoosh felt that he was already ?very close to death? (London 956), until the last sentence of the story: ?Was it not the law of life?? (London 961). Of course one should not forget that London writes about the far north, and as he points out himself in many stories, the rules in the far north are very different from those of any other region. The Indian custom of letting the old man die alone is not criticized by London, because this custom was a necessity for the surviving of the tribe. London only emphasizes that ?the law of life? is one and irrevocable. One may call it the circle of life or the eternal struggle for living, but the end of our life, that is death, is the same for everyone. Works Cited London, Jack. ?The Law of Life?. Eds. Ronald I. Gottesman, et al. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Vol 2. New York: WW Norton and Company, 1979. Merriam-Webster?s Encyclopedia of Literature. Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, 1995 Tenant, Roy. "Who was Jack London?" http://sunsite.berkely.edu/London.html  18 February 2005

Organising And Delegating In The Work Place Essay

AC.1.1 Explain the importance of making effective and efficient use of people’s skills while planning a team’s work to achieve an objectives. Organizing is a function of arranging people and resources to work towards goals. To achieve those goals in effective and efficient manner it is important to have a good knowledge of the team’s skills. Lack of motivation in the team, fear of undervaluation or poor attitude could fail the goals and on the other hand enthusiasm, motivation and given responsibility can bring successful results in reaching the goals. In other words the company’s objectives can be failed if the wrong person is chosen for the task. Manager is a person who chooses the right person, give the jobs that are suitable for their skills and proficiencies. To do so an objectives have to be clear and SMART Specific they are clearly understood and no misunderstanding is possible Measurable everyone knows whether they have hit them or not Achievable they are realistic with team’s capabilities Relevant they logically fit to the organizational needs Timed have a target date to be completed. AC.1.2 Explain how to identify the appropriate person for an activity in the workplace. It is very important to have right people on staff to the success of an organization using a skills matrix will confirm the skills, knowledge and interest of the team members. Skill matrix is a simple visual tool to control and monitoring of skills level. It displays all tasks and skills required at work. It also displays current team members and their current ability level for each task. Skill matrix is used to establish all skills required in an area, it quickly highlights available skills and future requirements. Skill matrix shows training needs, its effectiveness. It is a day to day planning tool to use skills where they are most needed also to organize adequate cover for holiday and sickness. This skill matrix shows the team members individually and as a whole team. It shows who needs training and what they need to learn but also who can  train them. The grid also shows that sharing and combining across team we can develop a deeper pool of resources. We can easily shift resources to help in other areas when work accumulates. Cross training and shifting provide individual to develop skills, gives job satisfaction. AC.1.3 Explain how human resource planning can be used to assure output and quality in the workplace Workforce planning in a process designed to integrate and anticipate human resources to an organization’s needs. It is a systematic process for identifying, acquiring and developing employees to meet the needs of the business. In my workplace. In my workplace human resources planning can be divided into weekly/daily planning and long planning. By long term planning I mean events that we have over the year rallies, gatherings, or Christmas parties. We know exactly when those events will take place, we know approx number of guests and this is how we plan our staff demand. We don’t take holidays those times, sometimes we employ some more staff to cover demand. By weekly planning I mean rotas that are created every week so everybody knows what days they are working but also I make sure that there is enough staff for the day. As morning are quiet we don’t need so many staff and then late afternoons and evenings are very busy we need more staff. I also use daily rotas as human resource planning. Every day I plan using section rota who is having what section e.g. desk-seating customer, who is doing till, who is serving in a bar also I plan what side jobs have to be done and who is going to do them. AC.2.1 Explain how to delegate tasks effectively. Delegation is one of the most important management skills. Delegation saves time, develops people and motivates. On the other hand poor delegating can cause frustration, de-motivates other staff and fails to achieve the tasks. How to delegate tasks effectively Define the task. Describe exactly what you want done. Pick the right person Match the requirements of the job to the abilities of the person. Explain the reason why the task needs to be done, its importance, and possible complications that can occur. Determinate standards. Agree on the standards that will be used to measure the success of task’s completion. Determinate  resources necessary to complete the task. It may require money, training, advice and other resources. Agree deadlines. Agree when to job must be finished and how it’s going to be checked and controlled. Support and communicate. Inform others what is going on, involve to talk about the job, to ask questions about the job and how much they understand it. Feedback on results. AC.2.2 Describe the benefits of empowerment in the workplace Employee empowerment is defined as giving employees a degree of autonomy and responsibility for decision-making. The benefits are reduced absenteeism. Absenteeism is a result of employee boredom with their job as they don’t feel personally connected to the company. Empowered employee feels valued and challenged which results in job satisfaction consequently absenteeism decreases. Reduced employee turnover. Employees often leave because they feel not valued. Empowerment increases employees value, understanding their role in company’s success. They are motivated to reach their personal and company’s goals, to develop their capabilities. In result empowering reduces desire to leave the job. Reduced turnover reduces company’s fund to find and train new employees. Employee satisfaction. In companies where employees are given power to identify problems, find solution, make important decisions have responsibilities they feel empowered. They rate their satisfaction as high that leads to higher level of loyalty. Satisfied employees brings better quality of the products or services. Increased productivity. Empowered employees bring their own ideas solutions or methods of work that company can benefit from. Companies can benefit saving money by allowing suggestions and making changes in procedures. Morale. Giving responsibilities, putting employees in charge of their own projects and results of their action increases their morale. Employees know that their ideas, concepts matters for the success of the company they put more effort in their tasks, work more efficiently. A.C. 2.3 Identify barriers to delegation and how these can be overcome Not enough time. Managers think about delegating jobs when the work overwhelmed them. They think its to late to delegate as they have to find appropriate person, train that person and explain the task. When the job is done they don’t feel that urgency. To overcome that problem managers should find time to find person, train and in  the long run when it gets busy again manager can delegate the job and focus on other higher tasks. Losing control. Managers can feel that by delegating they are loosing control. Good way to overcome that fear is to frequently communicate with the person to whom task was delegated check the progress, ask if any support is needed. it can help decrease that fear and give some sense of control. Lack of trust. Some managers don’t trust that the team or individual will do the task. Managers should let person/ team to do the job, make mistake and learn from it. Making mistakes is very good opportunity to learn improve productivity or finding new solution, ideas. AC.2.4 Explain a technique that can be used to monitor the outcomes of delegation in a workplace A manager after delegating needs to make sure that the delegated task is being done correctly and effectively before it’s accomplishment. He must review and monitor progress checking regularly, giving support. Manger should inform about deadlines and established checkpoints. By checking in manager can learn if the person needs any support, has everything needed to finish the task also can learn about the progress. Manager should not interfere too much to the work they delegated as this may imply lack of trust in the other person. There are number of methods used to monitor the outcomes e.g. observation, productivity/data output, feedback from other members, customers etc. The technique I use in my workplace (restaurant) is mostly observation/inspection and spot check. As working in a restaurant we have some hygiene standards that we have to follow. Coffee machines, glass washer, soft drinks dispensers have to be cleaned every day/shift. The only way I can monitor the progress/ accomplishment is by observing if the job is done according to those standards i.e. appropriate detergents are used, if the surfaces are wiped, removable parts washed. I also use a spot check as a method of monitoring. I check tables if they are clean (no stains) if the condiments are stocked up. There are also some side jobs, housekeeping jobs like dusting, spot sweeping and general cleaning which I can inspect later after they’re done. As we are restaurant our purpose is to serve customers when they arrive. If we get busy all of those side jobs/ housekeeping jobs have to be put aside and we are focusing on customers. This is why it is very hard to monitor those side jobs their progress, or accomplishment, sometimes they are not finished, or not being done at all. I have to be flexible when it comes to check the  progress. We won’t start day if some jobs won’t be done or done properly, but there are also jobs that can be skipped.

Ecuador essays

Ecuador essays Ecuador, South Americas second smallest country, is regarded as one of the most geographically and ethnically diverse countries on the continent. This culture-rich country is largely uncharted, making it an exciting and adventurous place to visit. Simply learning about this country is a remarkable experience. The first civilized culture to arrive in Ecuador was the Incas. In 1532, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro landed on the coast and had gained power over the area within two years. Ecuador received its independence from Spain in the 1820s and became its own country in 1830. Ever since, small rivalries have appeared in the country as well as several border controversies with Peru. In the 1970s, the present constitution was put into effect as well as a new ruling system. Despite a still corrupt political system, the economy began to strengthen. As of January 22, 2000, attempts were being made to replace Ecuadorian sucres with United States dollars. Ecuador is located in the northwest corner of South America. The equator runs across the country, a fact that gives Ecuador its name. The country is so geographically diverse that the climates can range from 45 degrees Fahrenheit to 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Ecuadors land makeup is truly a wonder. The geography of Ecuador can be split into four regions: the Andes, the Amazon, the Coast, and the Galapagos Islands. The Andes, a mountain range that spans the entire length of South America, runs through the center of Ecuador and consists of one of the worlds tallest volcanoes, Cotopaxi. Because of its year round ideal climate, the mountains are popular to travelers at all times of the year. The Amazon is located to the east of the Andes and covers over half the country. Here you will find most of Ecuadors indigenous people. To the west of the Andes is the Coast, which is a three hundred mile stretch of beautiful oceanfront. ...

GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO Essays - Government Of The Philippines

GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO Essays - Government Of The Philippines GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO Primary life Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was born on April 5, 1947, in San Juan in the Philippine province of Rizal. She is the daughter of former Philippine president Diosdado Macapagal and his second wife, Evangelina (Macaraeg) Macapagal, the daughter of prominent parents who worked as a doctor until the outbreak of war in 1941. Reportedly, Macapagal-Arroyo moved in with her grandmother because she was jealous of her younger brother, Diosdado Jr. After the age of 11, Macapagal-Arroyo commuted between her grandmother's home and her parents. Education Primary Assumption Convent High School; 1954-1960 Secondary Assumption Convent HS; 1960-1964; Valedictorian Tertiary Georgetown University, 1964-66, AB Economics; Dean's Lister Assumption College, 1968, AB Economics Magna cum Laude Post Graduate Ateneo de Manila University, 1978, MA Economics UP School of Economics, 1985, Ph.D. in Economics Political Career Macapagal-Arroyo launched her political career in 1992 at the age of 35, when she successfully ran for the Philippine Senate. She entered government service as an Assistant Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry during the Aquino Administration. She was re-elected Senator in 1995 with nearly 16 million votes, the highest number of votes in Philippine history. She also became Executive Director of the Garments and Textile Export Board, steering the garments industry to become the top net dollar earner for the country, and rose to the rank of Undersecretary of Trade and Industry. During her term in the Senate, she authored 55 laws on economic and social reform and was named outstanding Senator several times. She was elected Vice President of the Philippines in 1998 with almost 13 million votes, the largest mandate in the history of presidential or vice presidential elections. When she was elected Vice President, President Joseph Estrada appointed her as simultaneous Secretary of Social Welfare and Development, a post she held until her resignation from the Cabinet on 12 October 2000. She was sworn in as the 14th President of the Philippines on 20 January 2001 by Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. after the Supreme Court unanimously declared the position of President vacant, the second woman to be swept into the Presidency by a peaceful People Power revolution (EDSA II), after Estrada's ousting from presidency. Presidency Highlights LAWS AND POLICIES RA 7844, The Export Development Act RA 7718, The Amended Build-Operate-Transfer Law RA 7843, Strengthening the Anti-Dumping Provisions RA 8179, Further liberalizing Foreign Investments RA 7721, Liberalizing banking in the Philippines RA 7651, Revitalizing and strengthening the Bureau of Customs RA 7916, Creating the Philippine Economic Zone Authority RA 7640, Constituting the Legislative-Executive Development Council RA 1490, Investment Houses Act (Passed on third reading) RA 7661, Extending the Life of the Asset Privatization Trust RA 7903, Creating the Zamboanga Special Economic Zone SBN 345, Promoting the Development of Interisland Shipping SBN 358, Development of Micro and Cottage Industries RA 7882, Providing assistance to women engaging in micro and cottage business enterprises Women's desk to provide assistance to battered wives and other victims of domestic violence RA 7877, Declaring sexual harassment unlawful in the employment, education or training environment and for other purposes SBN 356, Increasing penalties for wife-beating SBN 362, Mandatory employment of women Establishment of the Movement Against Sexual Abuse (MASA) OCW desk to provide assistance to OCWs and their families RA 7833, Excluding the 13th Month Pay and Other Benefits from the Computation of Taxable Income RA 7654, Allocating a Portion of the Incremental Revenue Collected for the Emergency Employment Program RA 7637, Creating the Mt. Pinatubo Assistance, Resettlement and Development Commission RA 7657, Appropriating 10 Billion Pesos for the victims of Mt. Pinatubo Eruption RA 7906, Regulation of the Organization and Operations of Thrift Banks RA 8182, Excluding the Official Development Assistance (ODA) from Foreign Debt Limit in order to facilitate the absorption and optimize the utilization of ODA resources RA 7820, Creating the Partido Development Administration in Bicol region SBN 1176, Establishing Computer Literacy Program in all public schools at the secondary level SBN 1175, Instituting a Public School Teachers Scholarship Program SBN 1728, Ancestral Domain Bill SBN 1044, Institutionalizing a National Strategy for Poverty Alleviation SBN 336, Magna Carta for the Urban Poor RA 7900, Promoting the production, processing, marketing and distribution of high-value crops RA 8175. Amending the Charter of the

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Business law - Essay Example bligation under a contract arises when two or more parties enter into an agreement with each or among each other and that agreement is entered into with a consideration or by Deed and no mistake, misrepresentation or frustration is attendant before, during or after the agreement. Under such kind of agreement the promisee is obliged to deliver and the promissor is entitled to receive in accordance with the terms of the contract and in the event of failure of the promisee to deliver what is expected of him, then the promissor is entitled to recover damages for breach of contract. 2 In the present case, Bajool freely entered into a contract with BSP with the terms of the contract clearly set forth in the agreement. The time of deliveries is specific as well as the manner and amount of payments in installment. Although there is always a probability that prices of any commodity may from time to time fluctuate, as in this case, Bajool did not negotiate for a provision at the time of the ag reement that would stipulate that in the event of a fluctuation, particularly a rise in the price of industrial salt, the agreed contract price shall forthwith also increase under a ‘rise and fall’ clause. Absent such a clause and considering that the contract is not long-term, Bajool is not justified in forcing BSP to agree to a different contract price and ultimately terminated the contract when the same failed. Therefore, Bajool’s termination of the contract is unwarranted and unjustified. This is especially true if the agreement of the parties had been put into writing considering that the Australian legal jurisdiction strictly adhere to the ‘parol evidence’ rule. This rule states to the effect that when the terms of an agreement are put into writing, then no other evidence of the intention and the terms that the parties agreed in the contract can be admitted to prove the terms agreed upon by them. This is the same doctrine held in the case of Me rcantile Bank of Sydney v

Project planning with IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project planning with IT - Assignment Example The ‘what ‘relates to the activities to be carried out in the project while the ‘how’ relates to how these activities are to be done to achieve the intended objectives of the project. In project planning, execution and management, there are factors such as how the team members communicate, how they functions how problems are anticipated and solved among many other factors that are essential in ensuring that a project succeeds. This proposal outlines the scope that would be followed in planning and executing a project that involves planning a website about doing a rock concert. The purpose of the proposed website will be to offer a platform where rock bands, their fans and concert organizers will interact. The website will offer valuable information that are required for any concert organizers, offer valuable informant concerning a particular band to the rock fans ion creating awareness about the band and facilitate an e-ticketing payment mode. No entrance ticketing in these concerts will be accepted once the website is operational and any ticketing will be made though the website. The website will be complete and ready for use by 30th April 2012, one month before the concert starts. The success of the project will be measured on whether participants in these rock concerts will have improved as compared to the number of participants before the web was designed. The stakeholders to be involved in this project will include the web hosting company, the several venues that rock concerts are usually held, which will offer information that relate to organizing such concerns. Lewis (2010, 10) argues that the organization and the project teams have to be considered as people, and they have to integrate to produce the required results. The stakeholders will also involve the theatres and managers that are involved in organizing these concerts and

Questionnaire for Bachelor Thesis with topic JSR170 and the Content Essay

Questionnaire for Bachelor Thesis with topic JSR170 and the Content Management Industry - Essay Example 17. Specifications are not available for the kind of applications that we use in our company. 4. Technology: Can Conventional Database Abstraction Layers (DBAL) and Web Services be used for solving the same issues 18. DBAL and web services are capable of solving all of the issues listed in section 2. 19. DBAL and Web services solves the relevant issues for us. 20. DBAL is tunable and can be used to realize additional controls that may be needed. 21. Our people are comfortable with DBAL / Web services 22. DBAL and web services are easier to adopt and use than the new standard processes 23. Many of the disadvantages of DBAL / web services are taken care of JSRs and JSRs are growing. Statements Very Un Important (1) Un Important (2) Neutral (3) Important (4) Very Important (5) 5. Technology: Is Data Access more comfortable with JDBC or other Data mining / warehousing software 24. Additional features on JDBC for connecting dissimilar databases. 25. Generic warehousing tools are good enough for our requirements. 6. General: Closing Remarks 26. JSR 170 is the future standard for all kinds of applications from Java stable. 27. JSR 170 is easy to adopt and use. 28. JSR 170 is compatible with most of the Enterprise Content Management Vendor products. 29. JSR 170 has advantages that are better than the other equivalent standards and products. 30. Adopting JSR 170 would improve our performance in the company. Signature of the person filling the form Thanks for your cooperation Question Selection and grouping. Categorization is done on the basis of the following: 1. Size of the company 2. Turnover of the company 3. Nature of business 4. Database employed on the website The...This would help in analyzing the advantages with respect to the size of the company, nature of business, database employed and also on the turnover. This would help in understanding whether the companies of similar traits think alike or differently; if so why Answers to be evaluated in line with the standard evaluation practices of assigning 1 for very unimportant and 5 for very important. Based on these numeric assignments of the choice, the other factors are also evaluated in line with the grouping and the related questions. Answers for specific groups could be averaged and viewed as a relevancy factor for the heading / group from the specific company type / size.

Racial Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Racial Discrimination Essay Racial discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because he/she is of a certain race or because of personal characteristics associated with race such as skin color. Race here can mean that people belong to different countries, castes or different geographical regions within a country. It is unlawful to harass a person because of that person’s race or color. Harassment can include offensive or derogatory remarks about a persons race or color, or unfair treatment due to differences in race. Racial discrimination has existed for eons now and while we’d like to believe that it has reduced or is non-existent in the society we live in today, the fact of the matter is that it still exists and can be felt in different facets of the society even today. Mahatma Gandhi was a victim of racial discrimination years ago in Africa because he was an Indian despite the fact that he was a very well educated professional lawyer. He was thrown out of a train at midnight merely because he was an Indian. We, Indians, faced cruel and intense racial discrimination in our very own country at the hands of the Britishers only because we were Indians ! Racial discrimination prevailed at every step and every part while the British ruled us. Indians were not allowed to share the same space with Britishers. â€Å"Dogs and Indians† not allowed†¦well that is the kind of injustice Indians faced at the hands of the Britishers. There were schools where Indians were not allowed, In offices, Indians could never get to the top ranks and even at social gatherings, Britishers would not allow Indians entry. What’s ironic is that we still suffer the aftermath of this racial discrimination even 60 years after independence†¦we still believe that it’s a priviledge to be fair skinned†¦.companies in India make millions selling fairness creams not just for women, but even men ! This is not all. We have created and still live by the caste system which leads to discrimination on various accounts. Discrimination also exists due to people belonging to different states or geographies within our country. Racial discrimination has been the worst against the Dark skinned or Blacks as we know them in the Western world. The likes of Nelson Mandela have fought hard against it but it still exists today. God made us all the same. The blood that runs in our bodies is the same. Our brains think alike and our hearts feel the same too then why have we created a demon like racial discrimination, which even after years of education and civilization, we can’t get rid of ? Let Us, the future of this country pledge that we would free our minds and souls and never be a part of racial discrimination in any way. Thank You !

Othello: Emilia the Grander one Essay -- English literature, Shakespear

â€Å"Othello,† the tragic play written by William Shakespeare in 1601 has given a new outlook to women’s right during the time period when they had no voice to call their own. A tragic play about a jealous and manipulative man named Iago who does everything in his power to pursue and destroy the life of the protagonist, Othello. In the belief that Othello had wrongfully promoted someone else to the position that he claims to be rightfully his. In this play, unsure if this was the intention of Shakespeare, but Shakespeare’s two main female characters each embodies a completely different bias about women and feminism during the Elizabethan time period. Shakespeare encircles â€Å"Othello’s† plot and themes around its male characters all the while concurrently but indirectly shed light to the hidden anti-parallel dynamic among the livelihood of women. Desdemona, Othello’s wife, the more traditional female character, believes in putting her hus band first and that love is all that matters. On the other hand, Emilia, Iago’s wife and one of Desdemona’s dearest friends, is portrayed as the stronger feminist in the play and believes in women’s right and that women are physically no different to men. To place this assumption into retrospect, in Shakespeare time, from the 1558 to the 1600s, England society was ruled by Queen Elizabeth. Although a women took ownership of the country, in Elizabethan’s society married women and minor girls were entirely in the power of their husband and guardianship of their father. None the less, even after Elizabeth I took the throne, she was expected to wed and â€Å"have her rights to rule limited or completely take up by her husband† (Wagner, 21). Women living in a society built upon Renaissance beliefs were only m... ... when his lies and deceits destroys innocent lives. In correlation to Shakespeare’s time and with his character Emilia, women should see that in order for a man to successfully thrive, it takes a strong-will and outspoken woman to back him up. On the other hand, afraid of societal and dynamical change, men can only silence change with death like Iago did to Emilia. Works Cited 1. Shakespear, William. â€Å"Othello, the Moor of Venice.† Literature: Craft and Voice. Eds. Nicholas Del Banco and Alan Cheue. 2en ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2012. 1202-1271. Print. 2. â€Å"Feminist Criticism (1960s- present).† Purdue OWL: Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism. Web.25 Apr 2014. 3. Chojnacki, Stanley. Women and Men in Renaissance Venice: Twelve Essays on Patrician Society. Baltimore:John Hopkins UP,2000. 115-169. Ebook.

The Process of Writing: Composing through Critical Thinking, by Roberta

Sally caught the ball. The long-haired, athletic Sally gathered up all her strength and stretched, like Stretch Arm Strong, to grab that ball right out of the sky above. Which one sounds better? Which one would you rather have in your paragraph? With some simple things to keep in mind, you too can write better. The book entitled, The Process of Writing: Composing through Critical Thinking, by Roberta Allen and Marcia Mascolini, taught you everything from thinking before you write to putting things together, all the way to how to prepare specific forms of essays. It's definitely something you should read before even thinking about another paper. First of all, before you can write and actual paper, you must first go through certain steps in order to prepare the essay, and then when the time comes you can write your essay with ease and add detail. When you have a clear head you can write so much easier, although it is hard to obtain that mind set. Getting your thought down on paper without worrying about the perfection and detail helps the whole writing process and analysis. The first thing to do before even starting to brainstorm is to figure out whom your audience is, who are you aiming the paper to? You need to make your message meaningful to your audience, and make sure you think about what the audience needs, expectations, knowledge, and attitudes towards your subject are. Anticipate their questions and how they will respond to your answers. Some key ideas to think about when assessing your audience are to think of the primary and secondary readers are. Then what do they already know about your subject, and what c haracteristics about your audience will affect how the paper will look? Then think about what i... ... memos, shows you how to write proposals and progress reports, and how to document secondary sources. In conclusion, this book was amazingly informative and very helpful. It is definitely something that every student should read before writing another paper. It lays out the dos and don'ts of the writing process; it is great way to improve your technique. This book went all the way from showing you exactly how to write certain types of papers, such as long messages and memos all the way to compare and contrast papers, to showing you how to write in detail with all papers. This book is definitely something that I would recommend to future students. Especially in business classes, or any writing classes for that matter. Writing is a huge part of communication, and this book helped with the fundamentals that many people lack but are essential in the long run.

Horniman Horticulture Essay

Horniman Horticulture is a whole-sale nursery business that has been owned by Maggie and Bob for three years. They have seen an increase in business and number of plants grown at the nursery and are expecting demand to continue to grow. In 2005, the business’s profit margin was expected to grow to 5. 8% up from 3. 1% in 2003. This projected growth seems accurate considering Maggie’s conservative approach with the companies cash balance. Handling the finances, Maggie dislikes debt financing because of her fear of holding too much inventory and thus not being able to make interest payments. Since the business relies on good weather conditions with some mature plants taking years to grow, severe weather can destroy this inventory. The family has high hopes for the future, since changing their business strategy; they now are acquiring more mature plants in response to the demand for â€Å"instant landscape† customers and are seeing positive signs of economic strength. Because of Maggie’s accounting policies, the business has started to see a decrease in cash balance which falls below their target of comfort. Projection for 2006 Looking at Exhibit A, we have given the projection for 2006. Due to the local economy growing, demand is also going to continue to grow in their business. Most of their inventory will be ready for customers, since it has been maturing over the last 2 to 5 years resulting in their revenue growth to be estimated 30% higher in 2006 to $1,360,000. In order to have opportunities for growth, Maggie and Bob want to buy the neighboring 12 acres of farmland. Because of this plan to buy the parcel of land, their capital expenditures are estimated to be $75,000 which they do not plan to finance. Case Issue Revenue growth over the past 3 years has surpassed the industries benchmark and could indicate that Horniman can take an aggressive competitive advantage early on. Some financial ratios prove the company is performing above industry norms solely due to the fact of their decision to not pay interest on debt, causing few additional expenses. An issue that this company may see due to their determination in paying suppliers under 10 days which can be seen in the Payable Days ratio (Exhibit C). They do benefit rom a small discount of making payments early, but comparing this to the benchmark; Horniman takes an average of 50 days to collect from outside customers and vendors. This indicates that they are making payments five times faster than they are receiving them, which poses the question of whether the small discount is truly beneficial to their company. This exhibit also points out the fact that inventory are not being turned over as often and has actually continued to increase since the start of the business. In addition in 2005, they didn’t reach their target balance of 8% cash balance of total revenue; they fell to a low of . %. In summary, they are very good at driving revenue up and exceeding profits higher than the industries average, but are experiencing a cash flow problem because of the way they are running their business. If it is not dealt with now, there is potential for bankruptcy in the future, especially with their future acquisition of land for $75,000 which they do not plan to finance. Financial Statement Analysis When analyzing the financial statements, in Exhibit A we can see that Horniman has done a decent job by increasing their revenues. They increased their revenues by 33% in 2002 being at $788,500 to 2005 at $1,048,800. They have stabilized their depreciation as it only rose 20% from 2002 to 2005 ($34,200 to $40,900). Also, their tax expense did not increase dramatically by staying around 34 to 39%. After looking at the free cash flows in Exhibit D you can see that increases in net working capital is a problem with the business. In the first year their net working capital was $44,800 which is 1. 4x the net income of $32,600. In 2004, there was an improvement in net working capital but on the other hand there was a big capital expenditure of $88,100 which reduced their cash. Past 2004, net working capital in 2005 was $97,200 which is 1. 6x the net income of $60,800. If they continue to increase their net working capital like they have in the past, the projected net working capital for 2006 would be -$235,900 which would cause them a negative cash balance of -193,000. When you look at the balance sheet in Exhibit B we can see that the current assets have increased 19% and total assets increased 14. 4%. This is due primarily to the increase in inventory and accounts receivable. In the four years from 2002 to 2005 inventory has increased 8. % and accounts receivable has increased 16. 4%. Due to this, the cash balance has decreased from $120,100 all the way down to $9,400. In addition in 2005, the cash balance went below their comfort level of $10,000 down to $9,400. This is not meeting their expectation of their 8% minimum of total revenue target. Financial Ratio Analysis Even though their business was growing significantly, and they were experiencing a steady increase in revenues, they were seeing a huge decrease in their cash. The reason for this is because of their recent change to an increase in business from small nurseries. By looking at the financial ratios, even though they are increasing in sales, you can tell that they are relaxed on their accounts receivable and credit terms. Each year it takes them longer to collect their money. This is due to the fact that the carrying cost of inventory is harder for the smaller customers to endure. To add to this, Bob has to put a bigger investment in his inventory because of the more mature plants that take 2 to 5 years to grow, because of the increased demand for instant landscape. Finally, they are paying out cash significantly faster at 9 days than the benchmark of 27 days in order to receive their 2% discount. To summarize it, they are holding their inventory longer, collecting on payments slower, and paying out cash faster which in essence is destroying their cash balance. By looking at the ratios in Exhibit C, you can see the evidence of this in Receivable Days increasing from 41. 2 to 50. 9, and the Inventory Days ratio increasing from 424. 2 to 476. 3. Due to the way their business is being run, the consequences are shown in the liquidity ratios in Exhibit E for 2002 to 2005 and the projected ratios for 2006, all of their liquidity is diminishing. You can see that every ratio is steadily declining throughout the years. Analyzing them all, their cash has significantly decreased the most, diminishing an astonishing 70% from years 2002 to 2005. Compensating for Growth With larger growth coming in 2006, Maggie and Bob need to look at their cash balance and figure out what they will need for financing to avoid a negative cash balance which could put them into bankruptcy. With Revenues increasing every year, and dramatically increasing from 2005 to 2006 by 30%, they need a compensating cash balance. Since they do not pay out any cash dividends, their rate of growth is the ROC ratio. In Exhibit A, the return of capital has been an average of 4. 0% in the four years. The un-proportional increase in revenue from 15% to 30% will most likely not be supported for much longer. The need for financing, to counterbalance this significant growth is needed to avoid bankruptcy. Accounts Payable Analysis In 2002, Horniman’s cash balance was a respectable $120,100, a number which represented 11. 64% of total assets for that year. As shown in Exhibit F, a common-size cash balance of 11. 64% hardly poses any threats of short-term liquidity risk. However, the following years tell a different story where Horniman’s cash balance steadily decreases. In 2005, just 0. 80% of Horniman’s total assets were held in cash—a drop of $110,700 in just three years! Keep in mind, Horniman has displayed positive revenue growth through each of these periods negating the idea that these declining cash balances are represented by lack of growth (Exhibit C). In the case write up it was mentioned that Maggie (who controlled the financials) avoided borrowing at all costs, and would take any trade discount her suppliers would offer. To an ordinary individual this would sound like a financially responsible plan, but taking a trade discount isn’t always the best decision to make. When taking a discount, certain factors should be looked at to determine whether or not it is worth it. In Horniman’s case, Maggie accepts the discount from her supplier every time it is offered. The footnotes state that most of Horniman’s suppliers provide 30-day payment terms, with a 2% discount for payments made within ten days (2/10 net 30). This is a fairly common discount offered by suppliers to entice the buyer to make timely payments. Horniman has always had the cash on hand to make these payments within the terms of the discount, but in the long run it is hurting them. The most important factor to look at when making this decision is the current interest rate. Interest rates will help to determine whether it is practical to take the discount or to delay payment till the final day it’s due. The rule is simple: if the borrowing rate offered by a bank is greater than the annualized rate earned by taking a discount, then pass on the discount and delay your payment until it’s due in full. The rule remains true if the scenario is reversed. Maggie’s overall issue is she isn’t timing her cash inflows with outflows. Her outflows are made within 10 days of receiving the invoice, but she isn’t collecting from customers every ten days which is creating a short-term liquidity issue. Our Recommendations As you can see the business as a whole is running pretty strongly and their main problem is just the diminishing cash flow. There are quite a few ways that Bob and Maggie could attempt to raise the amount of cash that they have on hand and even stop this problem all together. In the case it says that Maggie doesn’t want to use much if any debt financing for their business because if they were to have a dramatic loss (i. e. drought, frost, etc†¦ ) they could find themselves struggling to keep up with the interest payments on the debt loans that they would have taken out, but using just equity financing can put an unnecessary strain on your business. By simply using equity financing Bob and Maggie are reducing the amount of cash that they could possibly have on hand dramatically. If Maggie were to try and find a happy medium between equity and debt financing, an amount of loans that couldn’t bankrupt them if they had a catastrophic loss of inventory but an amount that would help them with their cash inflow problem then they could see a reduction of the large negative free cash flow that they are seeing now. In reference to their huge capital expenditure they are planning on acquiring the next year, they should think about taking out a mortgage loan on it for the 6. 5%. If they took out a 30 year mortgage loan to finance the $75,000 acquisition, the payment would be $474 monthly, which would save them a huge amount of savings in 2006 instead of paying it with cash that they don’t have. Another option is for them to not always pay their suppliers in the 10 days to obtain the 2% savings. As stated earlier in the paper the 2% savings looks and sounds good to the normal person but when a business is having cash problems like Horniman Horticulture is at this time it isn’t always the smartest thing to do. Their biggest problem is that their cash outflows are being paid 5 times faster than their cash inflows are coming into their company. If they were to figure out a system to find a way to occasionally get the 2% discount offered to them by their suppliers to save some money but also hold on to their money some of the time and pay at the 30 day due date they could see a massive change in their short term liquidity problems that they are seeing and that could really help reduce their cash on hand problem. They could also adopt some form of payment reward plan like their suppliers have for customers that buy rather large quantities of inventory and take a percentage off of the amount owed for payments that are before a certain date. Another option would be to have a preferred customer policy for customers that either have large orders consistently throughout the year or for customers that always pay early on the amount that they owe. For instance they could either chop off a percentage of the price for early payments as stated before or they could offer some of their more unique plants to the preferred customers before they let anyone else have the opportunity to buy them. The final option that we discussed that could help them with their cash problem is to stray away from their new business strategy, and simply calm down on their mature plant inventory since they take so long to be able to sell and actually bring in any profit on them. From the case it sounds like this could be a profitable business but with the way that they are getting payments in and the possibility of a complete loss if the worst happened to their inventory it seems like it is somewhat of a risky move for them. This could be a much better idea once they figured out their cash problems and fixed their accounts receivable turnover so that they are closer to the 8% that Maggie feels comfortable with having as an emergency fund.

7 Graphic Design Secrets Every Non-Designer Should Know

7 Graphic Design Secrets Every Non-Designer Should Know Whether youre designing a website, a flyer, or an invitation to a birthday party, there will likely come a time when youll need to know some of the basics of graphic designing to make your design visually appealing. Regardless of the software you use, odds are that youll be faced with a seemingly infinite number of fonts, clip art, colors and design elements that could potentially be used on your canvas. Its enough to make even the most creative non-designer overwhelmed!Some people are naturally gifted in knowing what placement and elements look best on a design project. For the rest of us, however, having an eye for design can take years of practice to develop. Thats why weve put together a list of tips from graphic design experts on the basics of design and ways to ensure that your project comes together exactly the way you envisioned it in your mind before you began- or maybe even better.1. Keep it in the (font) familyA common mistake non-designers make when designing an invitatio n, sign, advertisement, web page, etc., is to include several different fonts. In addition to making your text harder to read, using too many fonts makes your design look unprofessional, cluttered and generally unappealing to the eye.As with any field, youll find varying advice, but graphic design experts tend to agree that you should limit your typeface to one font- two at most, and that could be pushing it. When you are selecting the typeface for your project, if you must use two different fonts, be sure to keep the fonts within the same font family so that they are similar in appearance. This goes for titles, headings, subheadings and paragraphs. Instead of using a different font for emphasis, increase the size of the lettering to make a certain word or phrase stand out from the rest. This simple change in scale is all the emphasis (or de-emphasis) youll need.2. Understand that your fonts speak volumesWhile we are discussing fonts, lets talk about which fonts to use. Its importan t to understand that the fonts you choose affect the overall message of the design. For example, rounded fonts evoke a friendly, happy feeling while fonts with multiple sharp edges have a stronger, more aggressive feel. In graphic design for marketing, if the service or product being sold is luxurious, the designer might consider using cursive fonts. Basically, choosing the right font involves choosing a font that reflects the message and feel of your overall design.The design experts at Canva, a web-based design program, provide the following analogy to demonstrate the importance of font choice:Designers (including Erik Spiekermann, Dan Mayer, and Jessica Hische) have been known to compare choosing fonts for design projects to choosing an outfit to wear. And its an apt analogy. Think about what your clothes might say about you: based on what you wear, people might rightly or wrongly make assumptions about your style, your personality, your socio-economic background, your age (or th e age you wish you were), or the kind of impression you want to make. And different occasions and situations call for different apparel. You wouldnt wear a bathing suit to a job interview; then again, you wouldnt want to wear a suit and tie during your vacation on the beach either. Theres an element of appropriateness to consider.Canva3. Use scale and color for impactRemember when we discussed fonts and how to increase or decrease the scale of them for emphasis? The same holds true for any of the elements within your design. The best way to create impact in your message is to pay special attention to the scale and color of your text and its surrounding icons or photos. Poppie Pack, senior graphic designer for Canva, explains it like this:The size you apply to your type will also create typographic hierarchy, determining the order that your text is read. The colors you use for your text will also create hierarchy. Make sure you apply the strongest colors to the content you want read first. Try reducing the less significant text and increasing its letter spacing. This will fill space as well as creating flush lines.Poppie Pack4. Give each element its spaceOvercrowding images and text is another common mistake many non-designers make. And with all of the choices given in design programs, its an easy thing to do if youre not paying attention. Giving each element a little space to breathe (so to speak) will do wonders in making your design look more professional and easier to read.This is especially true with text. Dont crowd text too closely to make it fit. If youre limited on space and there is no way you can cut words in the text, make the font smaller instead of large and spaced too closely. The human eye cant read crowded text easily and needs to see space around elements (text or images) in order to distinguish the separation of the elements.You can look at a magazine or newspaper to see this in practice- the negative space in the margins and the spacing of t he text are fundamental in ensuring that the page is easy to read and pleasing to the eye. Well discuss more about whitespace (otherwise known as negative space) in tip #7.5. Simplicity is bestLeonardo Da Vinci, the famed painter, sculptor and inventor, once wrote that Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. Ask any professional graphic designer and they are likely to tell you that the simple designs are usually the hardest to create. In fact, at the heart of great graphic design is simplicity.This goes for your images as well as the text youve placed within the design. If there is an element or word that doesnt have to be there, take it out. If your message is short and simple, it is more likely to be read and draw attention.6. Use contrasting colorsContrasting colors stand out and capture attention, so light text against a dark background, or alternately dark text against a light background is a good rule to follow. This can be difficult if you are using a photo as your backgro und and the photo has different colors or shades on it, but you can still find contrast by limiting the text to one area on the photograph. Another way to handle this is to create a translucent overlay to achieve contrast. Most photo editing software like PhotoShop can create this effect easily.7. White space is your friendAgain, consider Apples branding and their use of empty space to draw the eyes attention to their famous logo. Keep in mind that the negative space doesnt need to be literally white but empty space on your canvas is a good thing, so dont feel the need to fill it all with icons or text. The more stuff you put on your design, the less powerful it will be. Sometimes, this requires moving different elements around on your canvas to find the best way to create the space. However, as you do this, youll notice how different elements will draw your attention more based on where the empty space is.Also, reducing font or icon size to allow more space between lines of text al lows for that text to stand out more and catch the eye. This same idea holds true if you have a lot of text and need to put it in columns. The more whitespace you can put between the columns, the better. This is often just a process of narrowing the columns.Anna Guerrero explains it this way:As easy as it can be to over-design, it is important to avoid needless clutter. White space funnels your eye towards the content and allows your message to stand out. Clarity doesnt mean boring design; rather a strong design will speak for itself rather grabbing for the audiences attention. Consider Apples branding and advertising. It utilizes large areas of white space to communicate a sense of simplicity and to reflect the user-friendliness of its products. Books and magazines are a great example of the importance of white space. The margin- the blank area between the text and the edge of the page- makes reading dense copy much easier.Anna GuerreroReady to design?Obviously, you dont have to be a professional graphic designer to make your design project look great. If you pay attention to these seven concepts, its likely that no one will even know a non-designer created it!

Free sample - Dealing with issues of Death and Grief. translation missing

Dealing with issues of Death and Grief. Dealing with issues of Death and GriefAbstract Diagnosis of a terminal illness in one of the family members can prove to be a very traumatic experience and eventually call for care to be given to the patient. This can be done either by the family members or caregivers at home, or by nurses in the hospital wards and hospices. It can be concluded that nurses and caregivers play significant role in the dispensation of palliative care to terminally ill patients as this is their primary role as compared with family members and relatives who may have to juggle between more than one activity and responsibility. Grief usually clouds a family member when they are given the news that one of their members has been diagnosed with a terminal illness, and thus they have a given time to live. Grief is defined as the emotional or affective process of reacting to the loss of a loved one through death. The focus is on the internal psychology of the individual. Common grief reactions include components such as numbness and disbelief, anxiety sympto ms of depression that accompany mourning and recovery at the end of everything. Reactions can be seen as abnormal, resulting from trauma, pathologic and complicated. A sudden and unexpected death of a loved one results to a more difficult grief as opposed to a death that was expected for instance a person who has been sick for a very long time (Kayiwa and Mathews, 2005). Matters are worsened to know that the patient will undergo pain and suffering during their last times on earth and there is nothing that can be done about it but to try and reduce the pain by giving palliative care. Palliative care can be given by family members at home or the patient can be admitted into a hospice and taken care of by nurses and professional caregivers. Services of professional counselors are also employed to counsel and give assurance to the patients and family members alike. This is important as it helps the affected parties to accept the situation that cannot be changed, but rather managed in a certain way. However, some families may choose to administer Euthanasia, that is mercy killing to the patient to help reduce the suffering, pain and misery that the patient is undergoing and also to eliminate the pain in the family members each time they look at the patient and there is nothing they can do but sympathize. However, with this option, there are legal repercussions and roadblocks that stand in the way and before the family get to administer it, a lot of court room visits will have been made. The manner in which a person handles their losses whether or not they seem signif icant has a great psychological effect, which in turn affects how they lead their lives there after. In the event that one is stuck into the loss or they ignore the feelings then they may pay the price in the long run. Shouldering the weight are the nurses and other medical caregivers who have to inform patients and their families of the impending death or even the death of their loved ones. There are need for skills and capability to perform this critical duty with significant success. Introduction The issue of grief and general reaction of people to an impending death of close member of their families has not been the target of much research in the clinical disciplines. Much of the focus has been on the tangible and measurable aspects of the field. This neglect has been in the backdrop of families as well as patients who are uninformed of ways of coping with the unfamiliar situation. A case in point is the patients who are suffering from terminal illnesses like cancer. The bulk of the nurses and other medical practitioners working with patient who have a limited and specific time to live in hospices and other similar settings have their attention on their patients only and rarely on their significant others who are going through difficulty coping and adjusting to the soon to be loss of their family member and friend. Whereas, it is true that the terminally ill patients suffer the most, the family’s feelings and concerns are not to be ignored. Even when any practitioner, for example a nurse, takes some minutes to explain the situation or just talk to the family and friends of the patient they are hardly patient enough to acknowledge their fears and concerns. Most of them engage in what Callas, R. (2005) calls ‘masking of feeling.’ This he explains as the act of concluding and prescribing solutions to a troubled person, client or patient before getting to know how they really feel and what it is they need. This for example where a nurse or even a counselor tries to normalize and say things that will make a patient feel better without getting to know why they were feeling bad in the first place. Hughes, P.M (2001) states that a nurse should restrain from offering false comfort for example, saying that everyone has to die or equating the death to a blessing. Problem statement Loss and grief presents the affected people with overwhelming anxiety and sadness. It is even worse when the death of the person is predicted as is the case in hospices and ward with terminally ill patients. The family and friends go through desperation and helplessness as they watch the patient probably experiencing pain while there is nothing that can be done to help him or make the situation better. According to Wrenn, P. (2007) the anticipation of the death not just by the patient but also his or her family and friends is very distressing and can even lead to depression and other psychopathologies like anxiety and adjustment disorders. When going through grief, people can experience a series of physical problems including shortness of breath or even difficulty breathing, headaches, dizziness and nausea. Grief can also escalate causing medical conditions like heart diseases and diabetes. As a way of coping, most people may try to medicate the negative feelings by engaging in sedat ive alcohol substance abuse which may be detrimental to their health. Melnyk, B.M. (2005), states that encountering grief while working in the field of medicine is almost unavoidable. It is an issue that most nurses and even doctors ignore only to be caught unawares when they have to explain to their patient or their families that they have limited time to live. It is even worse when they have to report to the family that the patient is dead. This issue becomes a problem where the medical practitioners are not well equipped or knowledgeable enough to take their terminally ill patients or the family through the process of grieving. According to Callas, R. (2005), most nurses and even psychologists fail when they try to get quick fixes for the concerns of the grieving persons or try to avoid the subject altogether. This could be due to the fact the persons have not dealt with their own personal grief and thus the issue evokes unpleasant memories. Not dealing with one’s own grie f and loss according to Wrenn, P. (2007) reduces their ability to help others deal with the same and often lead to burnouts and feelings of incompetency. Purpose statement In the light of the mentioned problems and concerns, it is of importance that medical practitioners, especially the help givers like the nurses, are equipped with skills that will enable them to take their clients through the process of grief successfully. Nurses should be recommended to go for regular trainings and refresher courses to ensure that they are thoroughly informed on matters pertaining to grief. It is also necessary that nurses develop an open mind and culture sensitivity because the patients come from different backgrounds with different ways of reacting to the death of their beloved ones. It is meant to help the families to get over their losses and to successfully go through the process of grief and thereafter lead healthy and meaningful lives. The target population in this project is the family and friends of the patients as well as the patients who know that they have a limited or even specified time to live and are therefore going through mourning and grief. The pr oject aims at ascertaining the competence of the caregivers, like nurses, with an attempt to explore how the said competency can be improved. The project will also explore the options and alternatives available to the patients and their relatives that they can utilize to cope with the distress of the mourning process. The main aim is to reduce anxiety, physical and other psychosocial illnesses resulting from grief and loss and eventually reduce the burden and cost of treating the otherwise avoidable illnesses. Question The question to be answered is whether the families of patients with terminal illnesses and those that are bereaved are taken with success through the process of mourning and grief and therefore report less anxiety, physical and other psychosocial illnesses. Among the family members and friends of patients who are diagnosed with terminal illnesses do the skills of the nurses, counselors and other caregivers help in coping with the distress arising from the loss and thus reduce the resultant physical, social and psychological problems? PICO Format: P- Family members and friends of the terminally ill patients; I- Skills and competency of the nurses and other caregivers; C- Options available to the families like joining support groups; O- Reduce the physical, social and psychological problems and the burden of treating them. Literature Review Nurses, counselors and caregivers play a vital role in supporting family members who take care of the terminally ill, infirm or disabled members of their family. The major examples of terminal illnesses that bring stress to the family include cancers, HIV/ AIDS, diabetes, accidents that lead to permanent disability among others. It is a given fact that the families of those with terminal illnesses like mental disorders are greatly affected by the condition of their loved ones. Families exist not only to provide practical help and personal care but also to give emotional support to their relative with a terminal illness. In this case, the affected patient is entirely dependent on the family members, and their well-being is directly related to the nature and quality of the care provided by the caregiver. It is at this point that the caregivers, nurses and also counselors chip in to give some form of support to the family members in this very heavy task. These responsibilities can bring significant levels of stress to the family members to an extent that their normal life is interrupted and replaced with taking care of the terminally ill members of the family. This requires a lot of their time, and of course their life will not just come to an end because they are caring for one of their loved ones. This exercise usually takes a toll on them till they resort to employing the services of nurses and or caregivers, depending on where the patient is being cared for. In the case that the patient is admitted in a hospital ward for the terminally ill or in a hospice, then the responsibility will be rested to the nurses to look after the patient and assist them to live a painless and comfortable life in their last days. As for those terminally ill patients who are based at home and being given home care, this responsibility lies with the family members and in some cases caregivers are employed to perform this. In some cases where the patient is entirely over dependent on the nurses and caregivers, and the workload is just too much, for instance when the patient requires constant attention and vigilance, it can end up affecting their overall quality of life including work, socializing and relationships. Spanning the last few decades, research carried out on the impact of care-giving has led to an improved understanding of this subject including the interventions that make the difference. It has now been shown that developing constructive working relationships with the nurses and caregivers, and considering their needs be they personal, physical, emotional among other basic needs is an essential part of service provision for people with terminal illnesses who require and receive care from their family members. The term ‘Family burden’ has been adopted to bring out the objective and subjective difficulties experienced by family members of people with long-term terminal illnesses. Objective burden are associated with the practical problems experienced by family members such as the disruption of family relationships and responsibilities, constraints in social associations, leisure and work activities, financial difficulties, and also a negative impact on their physical health, including experiencing of burnouts. On the other hand, subjective burdens describes the psychological reactions which family members go through, for instance a feeling of loss, sadness, anxiety and embarrassment in social situations, the stress of coping with disturbing behaviors, and the frustration caused by the changing relationship status. Grief may also be involved. This may be grief for the loss of the patient’s original personality, achievements and contributions, as well as the loss of family lifestyle. Unconscious hostility and anger may also develop in the process without the family members’ knowledge. Professional counselors are trained to work with a person’s normal developmental conflicts, while other mental health professionals generally are trained to diagnose and treat pathology and work with dysfunctional behavior or chronic mental illness according to Nugent (1994). Furthermore, counselors help people with personal, family, social, educational, and career decisions. Duties are dependent upon the individuals being served and the settings in which they work such as school, career, employment, rehabilitation, and mental health. In the case of patients with terminal illnesses, these professional counselors mainly come in to help the patient cope with the newly diagnosed condition and assist them to adapt to their new health condition. However, according to research works carried out by Altekruse and Sexton (1995), and West, et al. (1988/1989), counselors and administrators reported that the main duty of the counselor of the terminally ill was to diagnose and treat. They advice the patients on the do’s and don’ts of their condition and also explain to them the beneficial lifestyles that they should embrace in order to have a good life, or what is left of it. Though in this case, the treatment will not result in patient recovery. They may also need counseling in order to come to terms with the new developments as their lives too will be changed completely. Counselors provide a leeway for the family members to embrace and accept the facts of the situation, and by doing so, they will contribute positively towards the care of the terminally ill family member. Theory Taking care of the terminally ill patients can be quite an uphill task, one that consumes both time and resources of the family. According to Wrenn, P. (2007) the anticipation of the death of a loved family member not just by the patient, but also his or her family and friends is very distressing and can even lead to depression and other psychopathologies like anxiety and adjustment disorders. On the other hand, work can be made much easier by the use of nurses and caregivers to look after the terminally ill. Some of the advantages of this approach to that of family members giving the care is that nurses and care givers are professionally trained for that task. They perform it to their level best and leave no room for relaxation. And since they have no blood relations to the patient, they do not develop a weak heart that sometimes family members do and consequently give up and lose hope at the situation. Nurses keep their calm at all times and are present on call round the clock. Sin ce this is their duty, and that they are paid to give palliative care to the terminally ill, they put in all effort since this is no ordinary occupation. Their highly trained skills and experience can enable them to take care if any arising situation and emergency. Their skills and training help them to diagnose, treat and advise accordingly, both the terminally ill patient and the rest of the family members too. However, these nurses and care givers experience challenges when executing their duties. They may get some form of stress while at work. Therefore, these issues should be addressed in order for them to be highly effective while carrying out their duties. Another aspect of the nurses and caregivers is that they should be adequately trained so that they are well prepared for the task ahead. If not, then they risk doing more damage to the terminally ill patient and their family members than help them during the difficult grieving period. Development of strong ties both with the patient and the rest of the family members is an important task done by the nurses and care givers since they interact most frequently with both parties. In this case, they act as channels for conveying messages and requirements mostly by the terminally ill patient. When things get too much for a family to handle, they resort to application of euthanasia (mercy-killing) or physician –aided suicide. Usually this is done after much deliberations and discussions by the family and the patient, and only used as a last resort in extreme cases. The issue of mercy-killing has implicated several categories of its practices, some may be deemed legal and others illegal, while still others are a subtle combination of any of those categories. In the case of the ambiguous practices of the â€Å"right to die,† legal consequences become indeterminate since the right of an individual to privacy puts little access for state intervention. The issue on â€Å"right to die† has been the subject of strong exchanges of responses between lobby groups from both sides of the ideological benchmark. The pro-life group fiercely raises its battle against any legal means of terminating a life, however hopeless it seems. On the other hand, those that suppor t the â€Å"right to die,† of which conception is â€Å"dying with dignity,† upholds a patient's right to a humane and controlled end their life (Moreno, 1995). Mercy-killing is commonly associated with practices of physician-assisted suicide. But this perception is just part of a larger picture. The difference between the two is the means with which both are carried out (Neeley, 1995). In most countries, practices of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide have been deemed illegal. However, in some countries like Netherlands, Belgium, and some countries in East Asia, these practices are acceptable (Moreno, 1995). Proposed Solution Social support is a very complex aspect when it comes to handling grief. It consists of a variety of components in itself. Social networks, supportive environment are some of the components. Lack of social support can lead to negative mourning outcomes. It is both a health risk factor and a bereavement risk factor (Kayiwa and Mathews, 2005). According to Kayiwa and Mathews (2005), normal grief needs intervention. It gives rise to emotional reactions that include shock, disbelief and denial that occurs after death. A spectrum of interventions that cover prevention and treatment to long term maintenance care should be provided. Preventive measures should target all persons associated with the death, persons with known risk factors and people who experience symptoms for distress (Kayiwa and Mathews, 2005). Formal treatment should be provided for those people experiencing pathological grief complications. The time limited approach may also be used as a solution. It lasts for nine to eighteen months and covers four to ninety minutes per session. It identifies families that face risk of poor outcomes. It focuses on improving communication, and conflict resolution. It puts effort to strengthen family solidarity (Santrock, 2007). Maintenance care as a form of support is recommended for people experiencing chronic grief reactions. Psychosocial treatment may be offered for complicated grief through diagnostic criterion. This involves exposure that is followed by cognitive restructure then exposure therapy and lastly supportive counseling (Santrock, 2007). There is an extensive literature that defines and measures dependent and independent variable. The implementation should take effect when the death of a loved one is reported. Implementation Plan The implementation process starts from observing whether the members of the bereaved family have been affected by grief. People are different and their response to bad news or disaster differs. Some people respond quickly and often at the very time they learn of the death of a loved one. Others respond slowly to the effect of the news. The grief may affect the latter group after the burial and even several days after that. The impact of the grief is another factor that requires keen observation. Some people are greatly impacted by the news that they develop grief at that moment in time. These kinds of people can pass out for some time. Other people take the impacts and go through them with ease. This is especially for people who may have lost a couple of other people before including some of their loved ones in their lives. They may seem not to be disturbed by the loss of a loved one but actually it has affected them (Santrock, 2007). Observation helps to identify the members of the family that may have been adversely affected by the death. It also helps identify the way the death has impacted them. This may help in identifying how much grief one is facing and to what extent (Chesser, 2010). After observation, one should identify the appropriate support intervention measures. Different support intervention measures are given depending on the impact of the death of a loved one. There are members of the family who will suffer mild grief and there are those who will suffer complex and complicated pathological grief. Those who suffer mild grief are supposed to be given support measures that are not intense as those with complex and pathological grief. Identification will entail choosing the right support intervention and the resources that will come handy with the support (Chesser, 2010). According to Chesser, after identification, implementation is done. Implementation involves the actual offering of the support. When implementing the support measures each individual must be taken as an entity. There are those who may require company, encouragement and assurance that life will go on even after the losing a loved one. These are the people who may have common grief. People who require intensive support measures are those that have complicated pathological and complex grief (Chesser, 2010). The news of the death of a loved one may have interfered with the normal functioning of their brain thus interfering with their emotions and socialization with other people. They may need serious counseling, therapy and medication. These people may need to be taken to hospital for a certain period of time or just remain at home and be treated from there. The resources that will be needed when implementing the help strategy are several. Money may be needed to buy materials to be used in the entire process and to cater for transportation purposes if ne ed for traveling to the hospital arises. The counselor, therapist, social worker and medics may be required to offer their help especially for people who have suffered complex and pathological grief. When the implementation process is done evaluation has to take place. Evaluation is very important in the process of offering support to people who are suffering with grief. Evaluation is important as it shows the relevance and progress of the support intervention. There are two forms of intervention namely, formative and summative. Formative evaluation is done at the beginning, in and during the support intervention process. The importance of formative evaluation is that it identifies the weakness of the patient at the beginning of the support process. It also tells whether the support intervention measures are creating a change or not. In the event that the support does not bring about any change, formative evaluation helps in modifying or changing the intervention for better results (Chesser, 2010). Summative evaluation is done at the end of the entire process to ascertain whether the support process has yielded any results. It helps to indicate whether the support has helped the individual or has done nothing. There are several resources that can b e used in the evaluation process. Questionnaires are used to interview the members the affected person’s family about the changes that have occurred. Mental screening tools can be used to screen the mind of an individual who may have gone mad when he was grieved. This may be done to see if the person is responding to the support intervention (Chesser, 2010). The legal concepts underlying the issue on mercy-killing include an intricate variety of concepts, some are distinct and some ambiguous. Some instances include the hastening patient’s death by withdrawal of medical intervention (passive euthanasia), providing them with the means to commit suicide (assisted suicide), intentional killing of a patient (active euthanasia), or accelerating the process of death by providing the patient with comfort care (palliative care). An ambiguous category of â€Å"right to die† is the physician-assisted suicide, which could be construed to be an overlap of assisted suicide and active euthanasia in which the participation of a licensed physician is active (Neeley, 1995). In any case, legal consequences following the exercise of mercy-killing may vary drastically. Some states have no established rules with regards to it; some may violate statutes; some may lead to confinement; some are legal; and some are constitutional. But the issue on t he legality or morality of these practices involves also the level of medical situation of a patient, whether a terminal illness is the basis of the decision or another level of pain, deteriorating quality of living, or a mental suffering. Some proponents find little distinction amongst these exercises of the â€Å"right to die† (Moreno, 1995). But it often results in abuses of discretion and goes beyond societal and moral concerns, hence a need to establish a distinction amongst them in every situation where relevant decisions are crucial. Dissemination Plan Either a Subjective Intent Test or Objective test was applied. Under the subjective intent test, a patient's desire is discerned through any of the following; written documents which may include, but not limited to, Living Will, advance medical directives, or power of attorney; an oral statement; records of the patient's past behavioral patterns; and discernment of the patient's choice had he/she been aware of his/her prognosis. Many courts had ruled to give way to the wish of a patient to stop having the indefinite use of life-sustaining medical technology (Wennberg, 1989). In the Objective Test Objective test the patient's condition may justify the withdrawal of medical care. However, the possibility that an abuse and oppression may transcribe should compel the courts to give meticulous them. Some lower courts, therefore, have resorted to discerning what medical treatment a patient may choose had they been aware of their prognosis based upon the details of the present condition. Un der objective test are two standards to be used when a patient had not left a clear indication as to his/her preferences. One is the â€Å"limited objective test,† under which the life-sustaining equipment may be withdrawn when trustworthy evidence shows that the patient would really have opted to refuse medical treatment (Moreno, 1995). The other one is the â€Å"purely objective test,† in which the medical treatment causes the recurrence of severe pain to the extent that continued administering of the life-sustaining treatment could be inhumane. Since objective test is invoked only when there is no indication of any subjective intent, it is does not overly cause burden upon the right of the patient to refuse treatment. It remains in question whether objective intent test answers attentively to the desires of the patient or instead bypasses the need for an expressed desire of the patient, which applies to the desires of the guardians, physician, or the court. Some implications in the recent cases having to do with â€Å"right to die† suggest that the state may provide strict ruling that only â€Å"competent† expressions of the desire to refuse medical treatment may given the credit. This provision prohibits a minor or a mentally incompetent patient to exercise his/her right to refuse medical treatment. But in some states, variations in the objective test could give permission to such individuals to exercise their right to refuse medical treatment. In cases where incompetent patients explicitly express their desire to withhold a treatment, denial of the right may be deemed a violation against the Equal Protection (Wennberg, 1989). Conclusion/ Summary The diagnosis of a family member with a terminal illness such as diabetes, Cancer and HIV/ AIDS can bring grief to the other family members including the patient. Worse still is when the other family members have to cope with the news that one of their loved one has departed. In such cases, the family members have to find ways of dealing eith the grief that has arisen from these occurrences. In the case of diagnosis with terminal illnesses, the patient and family members have to find ways of making the patient comfortable and a less painful remaining life on earth. And for this, they need all the support they can get. Support given to the grieving should be handled with great care and attention. People receive information differently and the information affects them in different ways. Therefore support services must be chosen carefully and ensured that they are relevant to the person who needs them. The implementation procedure must be carried out gradually letting the person regain their normalcy smoothly. Discussions over euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide have always raised disputes between those that oppose and support these two examples of how to exercise the â€Å"right to die.† A life full of unendurable pain may compel those whose loved ones suffer it to think thoroughly whether the patient should have the â€Å"right to die,† yet that question may remain unanswered. The doubt on the exercise of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide lies primarily on the fear that there might be some discrepancies in the decision-making of when and how it should be carried out. Some may ask as to the appropriate condition of the patient to give consent to â€Å"right to die.† Some may question the magnitude of pain an unresponsive patient feels to make it a basis to end his/her life through physician suicide. Perhaps, the best consideration is the accurate, if not approximate, determination of how much pain a patient feels. Despite all these, a suitable way has to be found of caring for the patient, a way that is within the reach of the family and that will be very helpful to both the patient and the family members alike. The family may therefore opt to choose from the above discussed options namely home care, hospice care, euthanasia or even physician-assisted suicide, whichever they may deem fit for their condition. References Altekruse, M. K. Sexton, T. L. (Eds.). (1995). Mental health counseling in the 90's: A research report for training and practice (1st ed.). Tampa: The National Commission for Mental Health Counseling. Callas, R. (2005) Dying and Grieving, Life Span and Perspectives. New York: Harper and Row Publishers. Chesser, B. (2010). Seven Steps for Handling Grief: New York, Sunstone press. D., Hosie, T. W., Mackey, J. A. (1988). The counselor's role in mental health: An evaluation. Counselor Education and Supervision, 27(3), 233-239. Hughes, P.M. (2001). Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. New York: Ronald press. West, J. Kayiwa, K. Mathews, Z. (2005). Face to Face with Grief: New York, Lulu Publisher. Melnyk, B.M. (2005). Evidence-based practice in nursing healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Moreno, J. (1995) Arguing Euthanasia: The Controversy Over Mercy Killing, Assisted Suicide, And The "Right To Die". Touchstone. Neeley, G S (1995) The Right to Self Directed Death: Reconsidering an Ancient Proscription Catholic Law 35, 111. Santrock, J. (2007). A Tropical Approach to Life Span Development: New York, McGraw Hill Publisher. Strauss, S. E. (2005). Evidence-based medicine: How to practice and teach. New York: Churchill Livingstone Wennberg, R. (1989) Terminal Choices: Euthanasia, Suicide, and the Right to Die. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 210. Wrenn, P. (2007). Coping with Loss and Grief. London: Routledge.    AppendixDefinition of Terms Euthanasia - involves the intentional killing of a patient suffering from a severe malady for the purpose of ending such. Also referred to as Mercy-Killing. Physician-assisted suicide - involves supplying the patient with any means to hasten their death without actually killing them. Research survey A survey will be carried out in respect of this research. The total sample will involve 300 participants with terminal illness. The data for the survey will be measured, recorded and analyzed in a representative sample, which will be selected out of total population of . One patient with terminal illness and one with curable disease will be administered a specific program and the same will be implemented to the rest of the sample population. Following the completion of this project, the groups from different scale of illness will be compared with other classes of another scale. When a patient is comatose or in any way incapable of making one's own decision with regards to medical care, the role of others on behalf of the physically and legally incompetent individual, may the second party be a family member or otherwise, adds complications to the exercise of the â€Å"right to die.† The courts have adopted different standards to address the problems of comprehending the desire of an unresponsive patient for a medical treatment.